Alternating-direct current system of control.



H. L. BEACH. ALTEBNATING-DIREOT GURRENT SYSTEM 01? CONTROL.

APPLIOATION FILED MAB. 3, 1906.

Patented m 27.1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

H. L. BEACH.

ALTERNATING-DIREGT CURRENT SYSTEM or 0011' TROL.

,APPLIOATION FILED MAE. 3, 1906,

ATTORNEY H. L. BEACH.

ALTERNATING-DIREUT CURRENT SYSTEM OF GONTEOL. APPLICATION FILED MAB. a, 1906.

929, 1 85. Patented July 27, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- I WITNESSES: INVENTQR" ATTORNEY Ill UNITED STATES lirgENT car es.

HOWA. RD L. BEACH, OF WILKINSBU RG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR IO WESTINGHOUSE ELEC- TRIC & MAN UFACTURlNG COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

ALTERNATING-DIREGT CURRENT SYSTEM OF CONTROL.

Specification of-Letters Patent.

Patented July 2'7, 1909.

Application filed March 3, 1906. Serial No. 304,098.

' in; =Dircct (hit-rent Systems of Control, of

which the following is a specification.

My. invention relates to electrical systems of control and particularly to systems oti control for devices that are adapted to be operated by either alter ating or direct current. I

The object of my invention to provide novel and effective means whereby the circuits of a system may be adjusted automatie' ally in accordance with the, character of energry supplied thereto.

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a diagrammatic \"lGW, of a system of control that embodies my invention and Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic \"l6\\,-0f a nioditi tillOll of a portion of the system shown inl ig. 1. Fig. 3 illustrates. diagrannnatically, the motor circnits for direct current operation, and Fig. 4 illustrates, similarly, the motor circuits to ltllGllliLtl-flg current operation.

Pvi'y invention may be com'cniently applied to a railway vehicle that supplied with energy from a grounded track rail 1 upon which the vehicle operatcsand trolley conductors and 3, the former of which nia'y be supplied with alternating current from any suitable source, such as that shown at l; and the latter of which may be supplird with direct current trom any suitable ourcc, such as that shown at 5. A trolley (i of the ordinary wheel type. or other suit able form. may be employed for the collection of direct current, and alternating current may be collected by means o't-a trolley 7 that is specially coir-:triictcd for the purpose. A suitable structure for the trolicy 7 comprises a pantop'raph trame .8, means such as springs 9 whereby the panto-. graph frame is normally maintained in a collapsed condition, a piieuniatically-actu-' atcd device 10 for raising the pantograph frame to the position shown in broken lines and an electro-ma rnct 11 that governs the supply of fluid to the device '10.

.The alternating voltage applied to the propelling motors 14 and 13 may be varied by 'yarying the point of connection thci'cot ate to the pos with a transformer ill, and when direct current is supplied to the system, the voltage applied to the motors may be .varied by means of a resistance '17.

Switches 18, 19, 20, 21, 23' and 24 may the motor circuits and for adjusting the circuit relations of the motors, the switches being provided with magnet windings'25, 2c, 27, 28, 29, and 31, respectively, \i'hereby they maybe operated or controlled in their operation. Achange-overswitch that is normally retained in the oft posi- -tion, as shown, by means of centralizing springs 36, and that may be aused too er- D--C and A- C by means of magnet windings 37 and 38, respectively, serves to so control the circuits of the magnet windings 25 to 31, inclusive, that the motors l'ljand 1.5 will be connected in series relation when the change-over switch occupies the position D-C, and so that the motors will be conbe employed for effecting yoltage changes in .ions indicated by broken lines nected in parallel relation when the changeover switch occupies the position ;t-C. The circuits of the magnet windings 25 to St, inclusive, are further controlled by means of a l3lnl1ll;lll \]()]l1':ltfll master switch. 39, that is adapted to occupy any one of the positions indicated by broken lines a, b and a.

. ()nc terminal of each of magnet windings .37 and 38 connected .to 'a battery ll) or other suitable source of energy wherefroin the auxiliary circuits of the system may be supplied, the remaining terminals bcincj connected to stationary contact terminals 41 and 42. respectively. with which conducting segments {L3 and it, that are carried by the change-over switch, are adapted to engage and whereby they are normally connected to stationary contact terminals i?) and in. The latter contact terminals are connected, respectively, to upper and lower contact terminals 47 and 48 of a relay switch it) ha ving an operating or controlling magnet winding 50 that is "connected in series circuit with primary Winding 51 of? a transformer tact terminals 56 and 57 of anotherrclay switch 58 having an operating or controlling magnet winding 59 that is ai'rz-ina'cd m circuit with secondary winding (it) otlhe transformer 52. The remaining contact terminals 61 and 62 of the switch-58 are connected to one terminal of the battery 40 as'are also stationary contact terminals 63 and 64 of another relay switch 65 having an operating or controlling" magnet winding 66 that is connected betweenconvenient points in'the winding of the main transformer 16. Sta- -tionary contact terminal '67 "of the switch over switch occupies the position D-C'. One

terminal of the magnet winding 11, whereby the supply of fluid to the device 10 for raising the trolley 7 is governed, is connected to the battery 40 and the other terminal is connected to stationary contact terminal 72 that adapted to be connected to the other terminal of the battery by means of a conducting segi'nent 73 when the change-over switch is moved to the position A-C. A switcharm 74- that is adapted'to be operated by the change-over switch, is moved into engagement with the stationary contact terminal 7 5 when the change-over switch is moved to the position D- C, one terminal of the motor circuit being thereby connected to the trolley 6. The switch arm 74'inay be carried by a sleeve 76 that is loosely fitted upon an insulated extension 77 of the shaft 78 upon which the change-over switch is mounted and is normally secured thereto by means of a pin 79. If the pin 79 is withdrawn, the arm 74 may be moved into engagement with a stationary contact terminal 80 that is located without the normal arc of movement thereof, the transformer 16 being thereby connected to the trolley 6. Thus, in case of injury to the trolley-7, alternating, current may be supplied to the system through the trolleytl for, such period as will permit operation of the vehicle to a place where repairs may be made.

In order to explain the operation of the system, let it first-be si pposed that the tro 1 ley collector 6 is raised'into engagement wit' Q the conductor 3. A circelt 1s thereupon established by way of devices 51 a 1d 50 to the ground and the switch 49 willrgi its uppermost position by reaso of the energizing of the magnet winding 50. When the switch 49 is moved to its uppermost position, ttCHfCHlb is established between the terminals of the battery 40 by way of devices 62, 56, 54, 47, 45, 43, 41 and 37, and the clmngc-over switch 35 will be i' oved to the position I) (l e moved tobecause ofthe energizing of the magnet winding 37. The switch arm 74 is also moved into engagement with contact terminal 75. iiovement of the changeover switch to the position DC causes conducting segment 43 to engage contact terminal 71, one terminal 2% will close, thus connecting the motors in series relation with theresistance l7'in circuit; Movement of themaster switch to the position Z) effects no change in the circuits, but movement to the po'sitionc causes the switch 20 to close, which thereby'removes the resistance 17 from the circuit, the circuit of the magnet winding 27 of the switch 20 being by way of devices 40, 39, '27, 71, etc.

The motor circuits for direct current operation are illustrated, diagrammatically, in F 3. v

If the vehicle is moved from a section that is supplied with'direct current to a section that is supplied with alternating current the trolley 6 will engage conductor 2 and a circuit will be established as before through devices- 51 and 50 to the ground. However, when alternatingcurrent is supplied to this circuit the inductance of the primary wind ing 51 of the transformer will preventenergizing of the magnet winding 50 to such a degree as to cause operation of the switch 49. The secondary winding. of the transformer becomes energized by induction andthe magnet winding 59 causes the switch 58 to move to its uppermost position, where upon a battery circuit is established by way of devices 61, 57, 55, 48, 46, 44, 42 and 38. Energizing of magnet winding 38 causes the change-over switch 35 to move to the position A-Cwhereupon the conducting -segment 70 engages contact terminals (3.) and 71.

Conducting segment 73 isalso moved into engagement with contact terminal 72, magnet Winding 11 being thereby connected between the terminals of the battery. VVheu the magnet winding 11 is energized, fluid is admitted to the device 10 which imme- The circuit of lished by way of devices (33, 67, 48, 46',

44 and 42, it being understood that when the trolleyfiis lowered, the magnct' wmding lel relation between a suitable point 81 in the transformer 16 and the grounded track rail 1. \Vhen the master switch is moved to the position b, switches 18, 21, 22 and 24 close and the motors are connected in the same relation as before with resistance 17 in circuit between a'higher voltage point- 82 in the transformer 16 and the grounded track rail. W hen the switch is moved to the position 0, switch 20 will also close and thereby remove the resistance 17 from the motor circuit.

The motor circuits for alternating current operation, are illustrated, diagrammatically, in Fig.4.

Since the specific arrangement of the circuits of motors and of magnet windings for the individually actuated switches, as well as the structures and arrangements of the parts of the change-over and master switches, form no part of my present invention, and are only illustrated as elements oi a suit-able system to which the invention may be applied, and also since the circuits of the system may be readily traced, I deem it unnecessary to describe them more in detail.

Since in practice, the alternating voltage which is su 'iplied to the system will usually be very high, it is desirable, inorder to. avoid danger, that the trolley be lowered whenever the circuit is interrupted, as may occur when a car runs oft the track or upon insulating 1naterial. This is effected in the present system, inthe' following manner. Upon interruption of the circuit of the transformer; 16, the switch opens and therebyinterrupts the circuit of magnet winding 38. The change-over switch moves to its off position and the circuit of magnet winding 11 is interrupted, whereupon the trolley -7 is immediately--collapsed by the springs 9 and the system is then entirely disconnected from the supply circuit. It will be readily understood that the trolley 7 will also col.- lapse automatically when a vehicle that is provided-with the system passes from a section that is supplied with alternating current to one which is supplied with direct current.

It may be desirable, in certain cases, to employ but a single trolley for the collection of both alternating and direct current, the trolley being automatically connected to the transtorn'ier or directly to the motor circuit accordingns alternating or direct current is supplied to the system. In Fig. 2, a

switch arm 88 is caused to engage a contact terminal 8% when a change-over swltch 85 occupies the position D-C, thereby con necting trolley 86 directly to the circuit \Tillrtt leads to the motors as in Fig. 1, and it is caused to engage a contact terminal 87 when the change-ovcr switch is moved to the. position AC, the trolley 86 being thereby connected to transformer 88. v

I cla; m as my invention:

1. 111 a system of control, the combination with a device that may be operated by either direct or alternating current, a changeover switch whereby the circuits of the system may be arranged for operation of the device by the one character 0t energy 'or the other, and controlling magnet windings therefor, off relay switches whereby the circuits of the controlling magnet windings are governed.

2. In a system of control, the combination with a devicethat may be operated by either direct or alternating current, a change-giver switch whereby the circuits of the system may be arranged for operation of the device by the one character of energy or the other, and contrclling magnet windings therefor, of relay switches whereby the circuits of the controlling magnet windings are governed, and means whereby operation of the relay switches is .car scd to depend upon the character of energy that is supplied to the stem.

3. In a system of control, the combination with a device that may be operated by either direct or alternating current, a change-over switch whereby the circuits of the system may be arrangedior operation of the device by the one character of energy or the other, and controlling magnet wii'idings therefor, of relay switches whereby the circuits of the controlling magnet windings are govcrneul and means operated by the change-over switch for establishing the circuit of the device when direct current is supplied to the system.

4. in a system of control, the con'ibination with a, device that may be operated by :ither direct or alternat ng current, a change-over switch whereby the circuits of the systcn'r may be arranged for operation of the device by thi one character of energy. or the other and controlling magnet windings therefor, of relay switches whereby the circuits of the controlling magnet windings are governed, controlling .magnet windings therefor and means whereby only alternating current may be supplied to certain of the magnet windings and only operative amounts of direct current to the reinainingwinding. I

5. in a system of control, the combination with a device that may be operated by either direct or alternating current, a change-over switch whcrebythe c rcuits of the system may be arr ange'd for operation of the device bv the on: character of energy ori-t'h'e other and controlling magnet windingmthtrefor, of relay switches whereby the circuits of the controlling magnet windings are governed, ind interlocking switches that are operated )1 er ning the circuits thereof. v

il In a system of control, the combinatibn with a device that may be operated by either director alternating current, a change-over switch whereby the circuits of the system may be arranged for operation of the device by the one character of energyprthe other and controlling magnet windings therefor, of relay switches whereby the circuits of the controlling magnet windings are governed, andmeans that are operated by the change over switch for establishing andinterrupt ing thecircuits of the device.

7. In a system of control, the combination with a' device that may be operated by either director alternating current, a changeover switch whereby the circuits of the system may be arranged for operation of the device by the onecharacter of energy or the other and controlling magnet windings therefor, of relay switches whereby the circuits of the controlling magnet windings are governed,

. controlling magnet windings therefor, a current collector and a transformer, the primary winding of which is connected in series with the controlling magnet for one of the relay switches and the secondary winding of which supplies energy to the magnet winding of another relay switch.

8. In a system of controhi'he combination with a device that may be operated by either direct or alternating current, and means whereby the circuits of the system may be arranged for operation of the device by the one characterof energy or the other, of current collectors that are especially adapted,

respectively, for the collection of direct and alternating currents, and means whereby the collector for alternating current ma be rendered operative when the circuits 0 the system are arranged for operation by alternating current.

9. 1h a system of control, the combination with a device that may be operated by either direct or alternating current, a change-over switch whereby the circuits of the system may be arranged for operation of the device by the-one character of energy or the other and controlling magnet windings therefor, of relay switches whereby the circuits of the controlling magnet windings are governed.

current collectors that are especially adapted.

respectively, for the" collection of direct and alternating current, means whereby certain of the relay switches are caused to depend in operation upon the position of the collector for ,digect current and means whereby the remaining relay switch is caused to (le pend in operation upon the position of the collector for alternating current.

the change-over switch for further gov-' 10. In a system of control, the combination with a device that may be operated by either direct or alternating current, a changeover switch whereby the circuits of the system may be arranged for operation of the device by the one character of energy or the other and controlling magnet windings therefor, of relay switches wherebydihe circuita'of the controllingmagnet windings are governed, current co lectors that are espe cially adapted, respectively, for the collection of direct and alternating current and means governed by the chan'esover switch for causing the collector. for a ternating current to become operative and inoperative' 11.'ln a system of control comprising main and auxiliary circuits, the combination with a device that may be operated by either direct or alternating current, a change-over switch whereby the circuits of the system may bear-ranged for operation of the device by the one character of energy or the other and controlling magnet windings-therefor, of relay switches whereby the circuits of the controlling magnet windings are governed and means that are operated by the changeover switch whereby the main circuits of the system may be established.

12. The ,combination with a trolley conductor, a motor, a; t rolley and means for holding it iIr ont-of-contact posipion when the motor circuit is open, of means gtor mainposition when taining the trolley in contact theinotcr circuit is closed.

13'', In a system of control, thetcombination with a'trolley conductor, a motor, and a trolley, of means for effecting and maintaining engagement of the trolley with; the conductor, and means for moving the trolley away from the conductor when the circuit of the motor is interrupted.

14. In a system of control, the combination with a current collector that is normally inactive and fiuidpressure-actuated vmeans for rendering and maintaining the same active, of means whereby the application of-fluid-pressure to said means is pre vented when a circuit of the system is interrupted.

15. In a system of control, the combination with a current collector and a magnet wlndlng for controlling operation thereof,

of a switch in the circuit of the magnet winding that isopened when a circuit of the system 18 interrupted.

16. In a system of control, the combination with devices thatmay 'be operated by either direct or alternating current, and our-'- rent collectors for direct and alternating current, respectively, ofmeans whereby the collector for alternating current is rendered inactive when direct current is supplied to the system."

17. In a system of control, the combination \Vllll glcvices that may be operated by .cither direct or alternating current, and a current collector for alternatmg current, of

means whereby the circuits are arranged in accordance with the character of energy that is supplied to the system and means for rendering-the current collector inactive except when the circuits are arranged for Operation by alternating current.

18.'In a system of control, the combina .tion with devices that may be operated by either direct or alternating current, and a current; collector for alternating current, of meanswhe'reby the circuits are arranged in accordance with the character of energy that is supplied to thesysteln and means whereby the current collector is automatically rendered active when the circuits are arranged for Operation by alternating current. 19, In an electriccardesigned for operagt ion on both'alternating and direct current,

a transformer in shunt to the power'circuit of the car, two magnet windings connected respectively in series with the primary and secondary windings of the transformer, and switch-contacts controlled by said wind ings arranged to connect the power circuit (it the car for operat on on direct and altermating current respectively.

20.- In an electric car designed for opera-ption on both alternating and direct current,

a current-collecting device, a motor'controllcr, a direct connectlon from said device a switch-contact controlled thereby in said inductive connection. I

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 28th day of Febru ary 1906.

' HOWARD L. BEACH.

Witnesses THos. L. HowELL, BIRNEY Hines. 

